Smart Business Strategy: Data Management 311

AI

Artificial intelligence. A computer program with algorithms that enable a machine or computer to imitate intelligent human behavior. AI allows machines to perform a process with autonomy.

anti-malware

Security software that protects against various types of malware. Many anti-malware products protect against the latest malware and may not include protection against some older malware types.

artificial intelligence

AI. A computer program with algorithms that enable a machine or computer to imitate intelligent human behavior. Artificial intelligence allows machines to perform a process with autonomy.

asset

Anything of value, such as a part, device, or machine, that is useful in manufacturing. Assets can include the data collected and used to make decisions.

bills of materials

BOM. A report that lists the materials required to make a particular product and the cost of each individual component. A bill of materials includes all project materials, including any accessories and fasteners.

BOMs

Bill of materials. A report that lists the materials required to make a particular product and the cost of each individual component. A BOM includes all project materials, including any accessories and fasteners.

CAD

Computer-aided design. A computer system used to design a model of a product. CAD models are often the basis for a production process.

California Consumer Privacy Act

CCPA. A state statute intended to enhance privacy rights and consumer protection for residents of California, United States. The California Consumer Privacy Act provides California residents with the rights to access their personal data, request its deletion, and opt out of its sale.

class diagrams

A type of information model that describes the structure of a system and the attributes, operations, and relationships among the system's classes. Class diagrams show a simplified, high-level structure of a information system.

computer-aided design

CAD. A computer software program that aids in the automated design and technical precision drawing of a part, product, process, or building. Computer-aided design can create three-dimensional digital models used for digital twins.

controller

A process-driven device that uses logic-based software to provide electrical control to machines. A controller may be a central processing unit (CPU) or a programmable logic controller (PLC).

cyber threats

Any potential event or attack that could access or damage computers or digital networks. Cyber threats may include inadvertent events or malicious attacks from hackers.

cyber-physical systems

CPS. Any hardware device that links physical objects and processes with virtual objects and processes in an interconnected network. Cyber-physical systems are used in smart manufacturing to simplify the transition of a digital design to a physical part and to enhance product lifecycle management.

cybersecurity

Protection against criminal or unauthorized access to computer networks, programs, and data. Cybersecurity has become a major industrial concern as networking and connectivity have increased.

cybersecurity insurance

A service that organizations can purchase in order to protect against losses in the event of a cyber attack. Cybersecurity insurance can cover penalties, fines, and other costs that are incurred in a cyber attack.

data

A collection of numbers, facts, and information about a process or product. Data can be created, communicated, and recorded by sensors in smart objects.

data architecture

The complete digital structure of an organization or enterprise. Data architecture consists of all data storage, data transfer, and data processing systems.

data capture

The process of collecting or reading encoded data and converting it to an electrical signal. Data capture is the first step in a process control loop.

data inventory

A detailed record of datasets maintained by an organization. Data inventories typically include descriptive information of all data assets for a particular topic or field.

data lakes

A computer application or system that manages massive amounts of raw data from a variety of sources. Data lakes can be cloud-based or located on premises.

data maintenance

The process of ensuring that information assets remain usable for their designed purpose. Data maintenance helps datasets maintain their value as asset.

data maps

A digital tool that links information elements with each other. Data maps are data maintenance tools that identify and match any fields from a source dataset that correspond with a target dataset.

data marts

A collection of processed data that is organized around a particular type or category. Data marts are typically designed for certain users to access and gain data insights in specific areas.

data retention policy

A set of records management procedures for meeting legal and business data archival requirements. A data retention policy ensures an enterprise complies with relevant privacy regulations.

data visualization

The graphical representation of digital information. Data visualization allows personnel to interpret data more easily.

datasets

Similar types of information collected into a single asset, or unit. Datasets are used by manufacturers to organize the information they collect.

digital thread

An integrated view of all the data and information about an asset or product throughout its lifecycle. The digital thread connects information from all aspects of a product into one seamless network.

digital twins

A virtual representation of a physical asset or part. A digital twin evolves with the asset throughout its lifecycle.

digital twins

An integrated view of all the data and information about an asset or product throughout its lifecycle. The digital thread connects information from all aspects of a product into one seamless network.

electric vehicle

EV. An automobile or other type of vehicle powered completely by an electrical system. Electric vehicles operate on battery-powered engines that require recharging stations.

enterprises

A business, company, or similar entity that is organized around a single purpose. A digital enterprise is a company that employs digital technology throughout its operations and facilities.

entities

Any single component that exists within a data architecture. Entities are described by their various attributes and operations in an information model.

entity relationship diagrams

ER diagrams. A type of information model that describes the structure of a system and the attributes, operations, and relationships among individual entities within a system. Entity relationship diagrams are more granular than class diagrams.

feeds

The rate at which the cutting tool and the workpiece move in relation to one another. Feeds are typically a linear movement.

General Data Protection Regulation

GDPR. A robust privacy law that was created by the European Union that became effective in 2018. The purpose of the General Data Protection Regulation is to update digital security for the citizens of the EU by giving them a higher level of control on the personal information they share online.

graphs

A diagram that represents the variation of one variable compared to another. Graphs provide a way to visualize differences between points or categories of data.

Industrial Internet of Things

IIoT. A network of smart industrial machines and devices. The Industrial Internet of Things is a network of smart industrial technology and the manufacturing-specific part of the overall Internet of Things (IoT).

information modeling

Representing concepts and the relationships, grouping, constraints, and rules to specify how data is organized for a chosen application. Information modeling helps enable data management and system security.

ladder logic

A graphical PLC programming language that uses simple symbols to indicate the status of input and output devices. Ladder logic is the most common programming language for PLCs.

loads

The overall force or pressure placed on a material or structure. Parts are designed to be able to withstand certain types and amounts of loads.

machine learning

ML. The process that enables a digital system to analyze data in order to build predictive models. Machine learning systematically solves problems using highly complex algorithms.

machine-to-machine

M2M. The transfer of data between machines and the internet without human interaction. Machine-to-machine communication relies on sensors.

ML

Machine learning. The process that enables a digital system to analyze data in order to build predictive models. ML systematically solves problems using highly complex algorithms.

obsolescence

The process of becoming outdated and no longer used. Product obsolescence is tracked in product lifecycle management.

operational technology

Any hardware or software system used to control a machine or other physical device. Operational technology for manufacturing may include programmable logic controllers (PLCs), smart sensors, and software tools used in process control loops.

passwords

A series of characters known only by authorized users that allows the users to access an otherwise locked digital system. Passwords effectively prevent unauthorized access as long as they are not shared or discovered by unauthorized users.

PDM

Product data management. A system for managing design data and engineering processes in one central location. PDM software allows manufacturers to organize and share all information related to their product designs.

PLM

Product lifecycle management. A system that maintains data on every aspect of the product from its inception to its retirement. PLM follows a product from its design phases, its production, its sales, its service needs, and its retirement.

PLM

Product lifecycle management. A system that maintains data on every aspect of the product from prototype to retirement. PLM follows a product through its design phases, its production, its sales, its service needs, and its retirement.

process control loop

A system that controls a physical process using digital inputs, a controlling device, and digital outputs. Process control loops may be open- or closed-loop systems.

process controls

Parameters designed to enable hardware and software components to handle a physical process. Process controls are the basis for automation and smart manufacturing.

process variable

Any type of controllable parameter that influences process outcomes. Temperature, feed rate, and material composition are examples of process variables.

product data management

PDM. A software system for managing design data and engineering processes in one central location. Product data management software allows manufacturers to organize and share all information related to their product designs.

product lifecycle management

PLM. A system that maintains data on every aspect of the product from prototype to retirement. Product lifecycle management follows a product through its design phases, its production, its sales, its service needs, and its retirement.

production metrics

Data that tracks the number or rate at which parts are produced. Production metrics can be used to detect errors and track the progress of an operation.

programmable logic controllers

PLC. A processor-driven device that uses logic-based software to provide electrical control to machines and processes. A programmable logic controller is used in factory automation.

real-time

The near-instantaneous interval of time that computers require to process data. Real-time is virtually the same as actual time because computers process data nearly immediately.

research question

A question that a data analysis project sets out to answer. A research question guides the data collection choices of an enterprise.

scatterplots

A diagram in which clustering points indicate whether the increase or decrease in one variable is related to an increase or decrease in another variable. Scatterplots provide a way to visualize data relationships.

security patches

A software fix that corrects coding flaws or improves vulnerabilities. Security patches are often included with software updates.

sensors

A device within a device that detects a physical stimulus and turns it into a signal that can be measured and recorded. Sensors in smart devices make it possible for machines to communicate digitally.

smart manufacturing

A method of manufacturing designed to improve product design and processes through the integration of digital technology throughout the supply chain. Smart manufacturing increases connectivity between all areas of product development.

smart sensor

A device within a device that detects a physical stimulus and turns it into a signal that can be measured and recorded. Smart sensors in devices make it possible for machines to communicate digitally.

speeds

The rate at which a cutting tool or workpiece rotates in machining. Speeds affect the amount of cutting forces on a located workpiece.

stakeholders

Any person or group that has an interest in an organization. A manufacturer's stakeholders include employees, investors, suppliers, and customers.

three-dimensional

3D. Having a length, depth, and width. Creating three-dimensional digital models of a part is the first stage of part design.

Unified Modeling Language

UML. An information modeling protocol that uses standard terms and structural characteristics to represent data. Unified Modeling Language is often used by software engineers when developing information systems.