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arbor
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The bar attached to the spindle in a horizontal milling machine. The arbor holds the milling cutter.
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automatic bar machine
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A turning machine that continuously cuts a number of parts from a piece of bar stock, one after another. The bar stock advances through the spindle and is held by the collet during the operation.
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axis
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An imaginary straight line that passes through the center of an object.
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backstroke
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The return motion of a saw blade that cuts with a back-and-forth movement.
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band saw
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A long, continuous cutting blade with serrated teeth that is looped around two or more wheels.
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bar stock
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Raw material purchased from metal manufacturers in the form of long bars.
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base
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The foundation of a machine that supports all the other machine components.
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bed
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The main supporting structure upon which the operating parts of the machine are mounted and guided.
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bed-type milling machine
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A type of milling machine used to mill flat surfaces that has a large bed, which only moves along a horizontal axis.
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broach
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A multi-point cutting tool made of a series of progressively smaller teeth that can both remove metal and finish the surface of a workpiece with one pass of the cutting tool.
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broaching machine
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A machine that uses a multi-point cutting tool to shape and finish either the interior of a hole or the surface of a workpiece.
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carbide insert
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A cutting bit made of hard material that has multiple cutting edges. Once a cutting edge is excessively worn, it can be indexed to another edge, or the insert can be replaced.
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carriage
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The section of the lathe that slides back and forth along the ways and supports the cross-slide and cutting tool.
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center
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The device located in the tailstock that holds in place the end of the workpiece opposite the spindle.
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chip
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An unwanted piece of metal that is removed from a workpiece. Chips are formed when a tool cuts or grinds metal.
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chuck
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A device that holds a workpiece in place as it rotates. The chuck commonly has three or four jaws that can be adjusted to fit various sizes.
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circular saw
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A power saw that cuts with a toothed or abrasive disk rotating at high speed.
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CNC machining center
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A sophisticated CNC machine that can perform multiple machining operations in the same setup with a variety of tools.
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CNC turning center
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A sophisticated CNC machine that specializes in turning, boring, drilling, and threading operations, all at the same location.
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collet
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A slitted device that holds a workpiece in place as it rotates. A collet has a hole through which the workpiece passes, and it is designed to hold specific dimensions. Collets can also be used to hold cutting tools.
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column
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The vertical support, or backbone, of a machine.
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column-and-knee milling machine
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A milling machine with a spindle that is mounted in the column and a worktable that rests on an adjustable knee.
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compound rest
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The part of the lathe on the carriage that allows for angular adjustment of the cutting tool.
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contour
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A cutting process that creates a curved, non-linear dimension.
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countersinking
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The cutting of a beveled edge at the end of a hole so that the head of a screw can rest flush with the workpiece surface.
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cutting
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The use of single- or multi- point tools to separate metal from a workpiece in the form of chips.
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drilling
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The use of a rotating drill in order to cut a round hole into a workpiece.
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drive
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The main device that powers the rotation of the spindle.
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end mill
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A thin, tall mill cutter with cutting edges that wind up the sides. Both the bottom and side of the end mill are used during milling operations. End mills resemble drills.
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engine lathe
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The original and most basic type of lathe.
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face mill
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A flat mill cutter with multiple cutting teeth surrounding the tool. The bottom of the face mill is primarily used during milling operations.
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feed handle
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A handle attached to a machine that controls the movement of the cutting tool.
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finishing tool
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A single-point cutting tool used to make a very light cut for final touches to achieve precise tolerances or improved finishes.
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form mill
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A type of milling cutter that is designed in an irregular shape in order to mill contours.
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hacksaw
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A saw that contains a blade made of high-speed steel, molybdenum, or tungsten alloy steel that cuts in one direction.
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head
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The part of a drill press that contains the spindle and the motor.
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headstock
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The end of a lathe that holds the spindle and the drive that rotates the workpiece.
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high-speed steel
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A material used in cutting tools to machine metals at high cutting speeds. High-speed steel stays hard at high temperatures, has great hardness, and is resistant to abrasion.
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keyway
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A rectangular slot or groove that is machined down the length of a hole.
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knee
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The device supported by an elevating screw that raises and lowers and guides the back and forth motion of the saddle.
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lathe
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A machine tool that holds a cylindrical workpiece at one or both ends and rotates it while various cutting tools remove material. Turning is a common operation performed on the lathe.
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leadscrew
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The long, threaded device that controls the precise movement of the carriage on a lathe.
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machine tool
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A power-driven machine that holds a variety of tools. These tools include cutting tools, workholding devices, punches, and other manufacturing tools.
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machining
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The process of removing metal to form or finish a part, either with traditional methods like turning, drilling, milling, and grinding, or with less traditional methods that use electricity, heat, or chemical reaction.
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mill
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A multi-point cutting tool that is used to remove metal from the surface of a workpiece.
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milling cutter
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A rotary cutting tool with teeth around its periphery that is used on milling machines.
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milling machine
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A machine that uses a multi-point tool to remove metal from the surface of a workpiece.
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multiple spindle drill
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A drilling machine that contains two or more spindles, which perform multiple cutting operations at the same time.
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multi-point tool
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A cutting tool that has two or more cutting edges.
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overarm
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The device on a horizontal milling machine that reaches over the workpiece and supports the spindle or arbor.
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plain mill
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A cutting tool for the milling machine with cutting surfaces on the periphery. It is used to mill flat surfaces.
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planer-type milling machine
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A very large type of milling machine that often contains numerous milling heads.
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plate stock
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A flat piece of raw material that is used to make manufactured parts.
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pocket
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An interior recess that is cut into the surface of a workpiece.
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radial drill
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A drilling machine that can accommodate large workpieces by maneuvering an overarm in place over the workpiece.
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reaming
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The use of a multi-point cutting tool to smooth or enlarge a previously drilled hole.
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reciprocating
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The back-and-forth motion of a hacksaw in which only one motion actually contacts and cuts the workpiece.
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rough cutting
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The quick removal of metal from a workpiece without regard to tolerances or finish.
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roughing tool
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A single-point cutting tool used to make very heavy cuts and remove metal as quickly as possible.
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saddle
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The device supported by the knee that slides back and forth on the knee and guides the left and right motion of the worktable.
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saw
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A multi-point cutting device that is used to rough cut a part to a certain length.
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shell mill
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A type of milling cutter that has cutting edges around its periphery and can be mounted on an arbor.
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side mill
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A narrow type of milling cutter that has cutting edges on both its end and periphery.
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single-point tool
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A cutting tool that has a single cutting edge.
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slab broach
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A flat-shaped broach that is used to remove metal from the workpiece surface.
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spindle
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The part of the machine tool that spins. On the mill, the spindle holds a cutting tool. On the lathe, the spindle holds the workpiece.
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stock
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The raw material out of which manufactured parts are made.
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tailstock
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The part located at the end of a lathe opposite the headstock that supports the end of longer workpieces.
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tapping
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The process of cutting internal threads in a workpiece with a multi-point tool.
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tolerance
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The unwanted but acceptable deviation from the desired dimension.
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t-slot cutter
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A type of milling cutter that is used to machine a portion of a T-shaped slot into a workpiece.
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turning
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A machining operation used to make cylindrical parts. A single-point cutting tool passes along the outer surface of a cylindrical workpiece as it rotates, and gradually removes a layer of material.
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turret
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The component of a lathe that holds a number of cutting tools. The turret rotates to place tools in the cutting position.
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turret lathe
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A lathe with a mounted device that holds multiple cutting tools. The turret rotates to position a specific cutting tool in place.
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vise
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A workholding device with one fixed jaw and one moveable jaw. Vises are often used to hold simple rectangular or cubic workpieces on a mill or machining center.
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ways
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Two precisely measured, parallel tracks that support and guide the movement of the carriage and cross slide.
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workpiece
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A part that is being worked on. It may be subject to cutting, welding, forming or other operations.
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worktable
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The part of a machine tool that supports the workpiece and any workholding devices.
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