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continual improvement
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The belief that an organization must constantly measure the effectiveness of its processes and strive to meet more difficult objectives to satisfy customers.
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customer
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An organization or individual that receives a product or service from the company. The key goal of ISO 9000 registration is customer satisfaction.
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external auditor
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An individual outside of the organization that objectively assesses the effectiveness of the organization's quality system. External auditors are required to register with ISO 9000.
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input
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The state of activities and resources before a process is carried out.
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internal auditor
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An individual within the organization that audits his or her own company to determine the effectiveness of its quality system. Internal auditors are required by ISO 9000.
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International Organization for Standardization
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An organization based in Switzerland that develops and publishes standards for its international membership base.
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ISO 9000:1994
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An older version of the ISO 9000 standard. Organizations were required to transition to the 2000 version of the standard by Dec. 15, 2003.
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ISO 9000:2000
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The most recent ISO standard that lists requirements for the creation and implementation of an effective Quality Management System. ISO 9000:2000 also refers to the section of the standard containing introductory material.
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ISO 9001:2000
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The section of the ISO 9000 standard containing the list of requirements. ISO 9001:2000 is the auditable section of the standard.
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ISO 9004:2000
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The section of the ISO 9000 standard containing guidance and additional recommendations. ISO 9004:2000 is a supplemental section that is not included in the audit.
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management review
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A periodic review of the Quality Management System performed by upper management to analyze its effectiveness.
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output
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Activities and resources resulting from a process.
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processes
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A set of activities that uses resources to transform inputs into outputs. Essentially, a process describes the way things get done.
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product
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According to ISO, the result of a process. A product is essentially something a company makes or provides for a customer. There are four general categories for products: hardware, software, services, and processed materials.
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Quality Management System
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The objectives and processes of a company designed to focus the company toward quality and customer satisfaction. The QMS consists of written documents that address the ISO 9000 standard.
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quality policy manual
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The document containing the overall objectives and direction of the organization. Upper management is responsible for drafting the policy manual.
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resource
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A supply, product, structure, or skill that is necessary for the operation of the quality system.
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services
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A type of product that does not have physical substance. A hair cut, a medical exam, and carpet cleaning are all services.
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standard operating procedure
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A document describing the processes of an organization. It contains a moderate amount of detail.
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supplier
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An organization that provides a product to another organization. Products are often passed in a chain, from the supplier to the organization to the customer.
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surveillance audit
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A periodic audit performed by an external auditor to ensure that an organization still meets ISO 9000 requirements. Surveillance audits are required by ISO 9000.
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work instruction
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A document describing specific activities and tasks within the organization. It contains the greatest amount of detail.
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