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American Standard
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A steep or long taper configuration that has been adopted by ANSI/ASME for use in machine tools. American Standard is used extensively in milling machines.
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angle with the centerline
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The 1/2 angle of a taper, degrees measured from the centerline axis of a cylindrical part.
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backlash
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The amount of slack, or play, between a leadscrew and nut that moves the cross-slide. Backlash grows over time and must be compensated for during turning.
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Brown & Sharpe
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A standard taper with a taper per foot of 0.5000 inches (12.7 mm), except for B & S # 10, which has a tpf of 0.5161 inches (13.11 mm). Used mostly in milling machines and grinding machines.
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compound rest
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A part of the cross-slide on a lathe that holds the toolpost, and can be rotated up to 90 degrees.
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drawbar
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Usually, a threaded bar that fits through the spindle bore of a machine to hold and pull a collet or tapered toolholder tight against the spindle nose.
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included angle
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The full angle of a taper, or twice the angle from the centerline of a taper.
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Jarno
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A standard taper with a taper per foot of 0.6000 inches (15.24 mm). Used in some lathes, and many other machines.
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long taper
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Any of a series of self-holding tapers, typically with long shanks and a taper angle of 2 to 3°, or less than one inch per foot.
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micrometer
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A measuring device used for measurements of machined parts typically to within 0.001 of an inch, and sometimes to 0.0001 of an inch.
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Morse taper
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A standard taper with a taper per foot of approximately 5/8 inch (approx. 15.875 mm). Used in a wide variety of machines, especially lathes, but exclusively in twist drill shanks.
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ratio
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An expression of taper in inches per foot, such as 1:12.
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self-holding
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Another term for a long taper, indicating that the taper is designed to be held in a spindle by friction.
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sine bar
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A measuring device used specifically to precision measure angles. Taper micrometers include small sine bars, and can be used to measure taper angles without removing work from the lathe.
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steep taper
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Any of a series of self-releasing tapers, typically with short shanks and a taper angle of 16° or 3.5 inches (88.9 mm) per foot.
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tailstock offset
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A method of turning long tapers between centers in which the lathe tailstock is set a small distance off the centerline.
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tangent
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In a triangle, the ratio of the side opposite an angle to the side adjacent to the angle. Finding the tangent of an angle helps a machinist convert to degrees in order to set up a turning operation properly.
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taper
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The uniform change in diameter of a cylindrical workpiece when measured along its axis.
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taper attachment
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A specialized lathe attachment that includes an angled guide bar and shoe used to machine a taper on a cylindrical part.
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taper micrometer
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A specialized measuring device that includes a small sine bar mounted on an anvil that can measure taper angles without removing work from a lathe.
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taper per foot
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The change in diameter of a cylindrical part measured in terms of inches per foot of length.
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taper per inch
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The change in diameter of a cylindrical part measured in terms of inches per inch of length.
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taper ring gage
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A measuring device with an internal taper used specifically to determine taper angle of a cylilndrical part.
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