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accuracy
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The exactness of a measurement produced compared to the desired result.
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band sawing
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The use of a flexible saw blade constructed from a continuous loop or band of metal.
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boring
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The process of using a single-point tool to enlarge a preexisting hole. Boring is commonly performed on a lathe but is also possible on a mill.
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broach
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A multi-point cutting tool with a series of progressively changing teeth that can both remove metal and finish the surface of a workpiece in one pass.
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broaching
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The use of a multi-point cutting tool to shape and finish either the interior of a hole or the surface of a workpiece.
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casting
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A manufacturing process that pours a liquid material into a hollow mold until the material cools into a solidified shape.
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chamfering
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Machining an angled edge around the end of a cylindrical workpiece.
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circular sawing
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The use of a round saw blade with teeth around its perimeter.
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contour
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A curved surface or part feature that is cut into a workpiece.
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counterboring
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An operation that enlarges the end of a predrilled hole to allow room for a head of a screw or nut.
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countersinking
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The cutting of a beveled edge at the end of a hole so that the head of a screw can rest flush with the workpiece surface.
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cutting
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A machining process that uses a tool to create chips and remove metal from a workpiece.
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cutting off
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A cutting process, also known as parting, that cuts a finished part from bar stock.
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drilling
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The process of using a multi-point tool to penetrate the surface of a workpiece and make a round hole.
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end milling
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A milling process that uses the sides and end of an end mill to cut a variety of shapes.
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face milling
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A cutting process that uses a mill to cut a flat surface by positioning the tool at a right angle to the workpiece.
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facing
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An operation performed on a lathe that feeds a cutting tool across the end of a cylindrical workpiece to shorten its length.
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fastener
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Devices that are used to join and assemble parts together.
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flute
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The passageways that twist up the length of the drill and allow for the exit of chips and cutting fluids.
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form milling
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A milling process that uses a mill with a unique shape that is imparted to a workpiece.
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grinding
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The use of an abrasive wheel to wear away at the surface of a workpiece.
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grooving
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The process of cutting a narrow channel or passageway into the outside diameter of a cylindrical workpiece.
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hacksawing
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The use of a long blade mounted in a bow-shaped frame. Cutting takes place using a reciprocating, or back-and-forth, motion.
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honing
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A process that uses abrasive stones to reshape dimensions from a previous operation. Honing can also be used to achieve a certain surface finish.
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inner diameter
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The interior surface of a hole in a workpiece.
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interrupted cutting
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Any machining operation involving a cutting edge that enters and exits a workpiece. Milling operations involve interrupted cutting.
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knurling
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A forming process that adds a pattern on the exterior of a workpiece, either for cosmetic reasons or better handling.
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lapping
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An abrasive process that removes the last bit of unwanted material. A lapping process sometimes uses an abrasive paste that is rubbed across the part to gradually smooth it.
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machine tool
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A power-driven machine that uses a cutting tool to create chips and remove metal from a workpiece.
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metalworking
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A material manufacturing process that produces parts by mechanically deforming metal into parts. Stamping and forging are two major types of metalworking processes.
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mill
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A multi-point tool that is used to remove metal from the surface of a workpiece.
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milling
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The use of a rotating multi-point cutting tool to machine flat surfaces, slots, or internal recesses into a workpiece. Milling includes a wide range of versatile metal cutting operations.
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multi-point tool
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A machining tool that has two or more cutting edges.
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outer diameter
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The outer surface of a cylindrical workpiece or feature.
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pocket
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An interior recess that is cut into the surface of a workpiece.
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profiling
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An operation performed on a lathe that feeds a cutting tool along a non-linear path to create conical or curved features in a cylindrical workpiece.
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reaming
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The use of a cutting tool with straight cutting edges to enlarge or smooth holes that have been previously drilled.
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reciprocating
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Having a repeated back-and-forth movement.
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saw
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A multi-point cutting tool that is used to rough cut a part to a certain length.
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sawing
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The use of a multi-point blade to cut through metal and separate it into pieces.
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single-point tool
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A machining tool that has a single cutting edge.
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slab milling
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A milling process that uses the slab mill that rotates on an axis parallel to the workpiece. Slab milling produces flat surfaces.
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slotting
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A milling process that uses a mill to cut a narrow ridge into the surface of a workpiece.
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spotdrilling
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The use of a shorter, sturdier drill to locate a hole for drilling. Spot drilling often uses a drill size slightly larger than the hole diameter to leave a chamfer after the hole is drilled.
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tap
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A multi-point tool that is used to cut internal threads into a hole.
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taper turning
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An operation performed on a lathe that feeds a tool at an angle to the length of the workpiece in order to create a conical shape.
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tapping
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The process of cutting internal threads in a round hole with a multi-point tool.
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threading
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The process of cutting a long, spiraling groove into a workpiece with a single-point tool. Threading processes are essential for the creation of fasteners.
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t-slotting
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A milling process that uses a t-shaped milling cutter to machine a ridge or slot the shape of an inverted T into the surface of a workpiece.
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turning
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A machining operation that rotates a cylindrical workpiece while a single-point tool is guided along the length of the part. Turning is performed on a lathe.
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