Turning Calculations 285

CNC Training

Class Information

Tooling U classes are offered at the beginner, intermediate, and advanced levels. The typical class consists of 12 to 25 lessons and typically requires at least two hours of instruction time.

Class Name:	Turning Calculations 285
Description:	This class explains the common calculations necessary to plot the toolpaths for a basic turning program.
Prerequisites:	800210 300120 300140
Difficulty:	Intermediate
Number of Lessons:	19

Class Outline

Objectives
The Purpose of Toolpath Calculations
Facing and Turning Calculations
Using Trigonometry
Drilling Calculations
Tool Nose Radius
Using TNRC
Incorporating TNR Calculations
Chamfer with TNRC
Chamfer Without TNRC
Arc Programming Methods
Full Arc with TNRC
Programming an Arc Motion
Calculating a Radius Without TNRC
Calculating Leading Edges Without TNRC
Partial Arc with TNRC
Finding the Arc Center Coordinates
Finding the Partial Arc Endpoints
Summary

Class Objectives

Identify toolpath movements on the turning center.
Establish the X- and Z-axes.
Show how toolpath movements form right triangle geometry.
Calculate the required drill depth.
Explain how the tool nose radius impacts part size.
Identify the information required for tool nose radius compensation.
Describe situations requiring manual tool nose radius calculations.
Calculate chamfer toolpath coordinates using TNRC.
Calculate chamfer toolpath coordinates without TNRC.
Identify two arc programming methods.
Calculate coordinates for a full arc center using TNRC.
Identify program blocks used to machine a full arc.
Calculate full arc radius coordinates without TNRC.
Calculate full arc start and ending coordinates without TNRC.
Calculate the theoretical intersection point of a partial arc.
Calculate the center coordinates of a partial arc.
Calculate the start and ending coordinates of a partial arc.

Class Vocabulary
approach		A small distance that the cutting tool travels before engaging the workpiece. The approach distance is added for safety reasons.
CAD/CAM		Computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing. CAD/CAM software helps programmers to efficiently design parts and generate part programs.
circular interpolation		A circular path that requires multi-axis tool movement. Full arcs and partial arcs require circular interpolation.
cosine		In a right triangle, the ratio of the length of the side adjacent to the angle divided by the hypotenuse.
full arc		A portion of a circle that forms an angle measuring exactly 90 degrees.
hypotenuse		In a right triangle, the side located opposite the right angle. The hypotenuse is always the longest side.
I and K method		A method for programming circular interpolation that uses an I code and a K code to indicate the coordinate location of the arc center.
leading edge		The portion of the tool nose that contacts a line parallel to the X-axis or Z-axis.
linear interpolation		A straight-line path that requires tool movement along more than one axis at once. Chamfers and tapers require linear interpolation.
partial arc		A portion of a circle that forms an angle measuring less than 90 degrees.
R method		A method for programming circular interpolation that uses an R code to indicate the size of the radius that forms the arc.
ramping		A tool movement that gradually engages the cutting tool with the workpiece.
right triangle		A triangle containing one angle that measures exactly 90 degrees.
sine		In a right triangle, the ratio of the length of the side opposite the angle divided by the hypotenuse.
tangent		In a right triangle, the ratio of the length of the side opposite the angle divided by the adjacent side.
tool nose radius		The rounded tip on the cutting edge of a single-point tool. The greater the nose radius, the greater the degree of roundness at the tip.
tool nose radius compensation		An offset feature used on a turning center that slightly shifts the toolpath for the rounded tip of an insert during contouring, chamfering, and other multi-axis operations.
toolpath		The series of coordinate positions that determine the movement of a tool during a machining operation.
trigonometry		The branch of mathematics that addresses the measurements and relationships of a triangle and its parts.
X-axis		The linear axis that determines the size of the part's radius or diameter.
Z-axis		The linear axis that determines the size of the part's length from the face to the base.