|
80-20 rule
|
A principle stating that, in general, 80% of problems or effects arise from 20% of causes or factors. Pareto charts are often used to demonstrate the 80-20 rule.
|
|
attractability
|
Key characteristic of a quality product that ensures that a product maintains a physical appearance that matches customer specifications.
|
|
audit
|
An examination of a company's activities or products to determine if a company is doing what it says it is doing. Audits are often used to measure the effectiveness of a TQM system.
|
|
benchmarking
|
Comparing the quality of a company's own products with that of its main competitors.
|
|
cause and effect diagram
|
Also called a fishbone diagram, a visual tool used to organize possible factors that contribute to a certain event or problem.
|
|
commodity
|
The fourth stage of a product's evolution during which a consumer takes a product for granted and considers reliability a primary factor contributing to product quality.
|
|
conspicuous consumption
|
The second stage of a product's evolution during which product novelty begins to decrease and a product's attractability increases in importance for the consumer.
|
|
corrective approach
|
Plan created by management to detect product errors through inspection and testing, and then fix the flawed product before shipping it to consumers. A corrective approach often hinders a company's ability to address the full scope of the industrial cycle.
|
|
cost of quality management
|
The costs that would be irrelevant if the initial quality of a product was perfect.
|
|
design of experiments
|
Devising scenarios to assist in predicting results and providing solutions for the development of quality products.
|
|
downtime
|
Unproductive blocks of time during which operations cease to function, normally due to setup procedures or mechanical problems. Cost of quality management tracks costs incurred due to factors such as downtime.
|
|
engineering
|
The department within a company responsible for creating the design specifications of a product. Engineering uses a product's marketing assessment to create product specifications.
|
|
failure mode
|
The typical manner in which a product error generally occurs. FMEA analyzes the effects each failure mode has on the overall TQM system.
|
|
failure modes and effects analysis
|
FMEA. Practice of a company involving the analysis of the effects each failure mode has on the overall TQM system.
|
|
fishbone diagram
|
Also called a cause and effect diagram, a visual tool used to organize possible factors that contribute to a certain event or problem.
|
|
flowcharting
|
Representing a sequence of activities within a system using symbols.
|
|
FMEA
|
Failure modes and effects analysis. Practice of a company involving the analysis of the effects each failure mode has on the overall TQM system.
|
|
industrial cycle
|
Manufacturing process a product undergoes for production before a consumer can use the product. TQM addresses each stage of the industrial cycle.
|
|
information technology
|
The systems and resources that a company uses to collect and organize the information necessary for conducting business. Advances in information technology have improved methods of processing data.
|
|
innovation
|
The first stage of a product's evolution during which novelty is the primary factor in a consumer's determination of product quality.
|
|
inspection quality control
|
A production strategy designed to ensure product quality that uses a full-time inspector to fix production errors resulting from increasing numbers of employees reporting to each foreman.
|
|
inspector
|
A person who examines or compares a product with various tools and techniques to determine its conformance to specifications.
|
|
installation
|
The department within a company responsible for correctly setting up a product for consumer use. Installation is also responsible for repairing a product when necessary.
|
|
manufacturing engineering
|
The department within a company responsible for selecting processes and tools necessary to make a product.
|
|
manufacturing performance measurement
|
MPM. Practice of using performance measures to measure the degree to which a company has successfully implemented a TQM system.
|
|
manufacturing supervising
|
The department within a company responsible for overseeing the production and assembly of a product.
|
|
market
|
The area of business that focuses on selling products to a consumer and encouraging sales. Markets broaden in scope as products become specialized.
|
|
marketing
|
The department within a company that focuses on selling products to a consumer and encouraging sales. Under a TQM system, marketing involves assessing the level of product quality a consumer requires within the consumer's specified price range.
|
|
mechanical inspection
|
The department within a company responsible for examining and testing a product to ensure it meets specifications created by engineering.
|
|
method
|
A systematic way of accomplishing a task that usually involves a logical arrangement of steps. TQM uses various methods.
|
|
MPM
|
Manufacturing performance measurement. Practice of using performance measures to measure the degree to which a company has successfully implemented a TQM system.
|
|
operating cost
|
Cost associated with the management and running of a company. Companies seek to increase profit by decreasing operating costs.
|
|
operator quality control
|
A production strategy designed to ensure product quality that involves one employee or a small group of employees responsible for all aspects of making a product and ensuring product quality.
|
|
Pareto analysis
|
Practice of using a bar chart to show the order of the most frequently occurring errors or source of errors.
|
|
performance measure
|
An indicator used to objectively measure the degree to which a company has successfully implemented a TQM system.
|
|
preventive approach
|
Plan created by management to avert product errors rather than correct them. TQM focuses on specific principles to recondition employees to use a preventive approach.
|
|
product life cycle
|
The specified time period during which a successful product should function properly. Typically a quality product exhibits safety, reliability, serviceability, and attractability characteristics during its life cycle.
|
|
product quality
|
The central aspect of a product that is determined by the consumer and includes attributes such as safety, reliability, serviceability, and attractability. Product quality is constantly changing to meet changing consumer demands.
|
|
product requirement
|
Specification from a potential consumer regarding how a product must conform to meet total quality standards. More complicated product requirements lead to the use of a wider diversity of materials.
|
|
profit margin
|
Net company income divided by company revenue. Profit margins decrease as quality costs increase.
|
|
purchasing
|
The department within a company responsible for the acquisition of parts and raw materials for production. Under a TQM system, purchasing primarily involves selecting and retaining vendors for materials necessary to make a product.
|
|
quality cost
|
Cost incurred by a company to ensure that a product meet a consumer's requirements. TQM is designed to provide product quality at full customer satisfaction and lowest quality cost.
|
|
quality function deployment
|
Mapping and integrating customer expectations into various quality processes.
|
|
reliability
|
Key characteristic of a quality product that increases the probability that a product will meet a consumer's demands repeatedly during its life cycle.
|
|
safety
|
Key characteristic of a quality product that limits risk of danger at any point during a product's life cycle.
|
|
serviceability
|
Key characteristic of a quality product that ensures that a product is repairable to the point that its original function can be restored if it breaks.
|
|
shipping
|
The department withing a company responsible for packaging and transporting a product to a consumer.
|
|
SPC
|
Statistical process control. Practice of traking production processes by providing charts, maps, and graphs to display statistical information.
|
|
statistical process control
|
SPC. Practice of traking production processes by providing charts, maps, and graphs to display statistical information.
|
|
statistical quality control
|
A production strategy designed to ensure product quality that provides inspectors with tools to help organize technical and statistical tata obtained during inspection.
|
|
supervisor
|
An employee responsible for overseeing a group of employees performing related tasks. Under a TQM system, a supervisor works on supervisor quality control.
|
|
supervisor quality control
|
A production strategy designed to ensure product quality that involves a supervisor responsible for directing a group of employees performing one set of similar tasks.
|
|
survey
|
Tool used to gather information about production processes to identify specific areas within a system that require special attention to ensure improvement.
|
|
symbol
|
Something that is used to signify something else. Flowcharting uses symbols to represent a sequence of activities within a TQM system.
|
|
systems engineer
|
Person responsible for developing and integrating processes that help to divide quality-related tasks among specialized groups.
|
|
tool
|
A device used to accomplish a task and often part of a method. TQM uses various tools.
|
|
total quality
|
A management system designed to integrate efforts of all employees within a company in order to continuously improve product quality and achieve consumer satisfaction.
|
|
total quality management
|
TQM. An administrative approach centered around consistent customer satisfaction and continuous improvement of product quality. Under TQM, quality becomes the focus of the design, creation, marketing, and maintenance of each product.
|
|
TQM
|
Total quality management. An administrative approach centered around consistent customer satisfaction and continuous improvement of product quality. Under TQM, quality becomes the focus of the design, creation, marketing, and maintenance of each product.
|
|
vendor
|
A company or person that sells goods or services to another company.
|
|
widespread use
|
The third stage of a product's evolution during which the consumer considers serviceability a primary factor contributing to product quality.
|
|
zero redundancy
|
Reliance on product quality and consistency that results from an absence of alternative means of meeting daily demands. Zero redundancy causes consumers to emphasize product quality over product price.
|